Chapter 7 : Standards in Biomedical Informatics

After reading this chapter, you should know:

1. Why are standards important in biomedical informatics?
2. What data standards are necessary to be able to exchange data seamlessly among systems?
3. What organizations are active in standards development?
4. What aspects of biomedical information management are supported today by standards?
5. What is the process for creating consensus standards?
6. What factors and organizations influence the creation of standards?

Standard Development Organizations (SDO) & Standards

1.Terminology

1.1.WHO

• ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems), 1949
• ICD-9, 1978
• ICD-10, 1994

• 1.2.USA > CDC > National Center for Health Statistics

• ICD-9-CM, 1979
• ICD-10-CM, 2008

1.3.LOINC

• LOINC (Logical Obervation, Identifiers, Names, and Codes)

1.4.USA > National Library of Medicine

• SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature Medical Clinical Terms)

1.5.American Medical Association

• CPT (Current Procedure Terminology)

1.6.WHO > Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (WHOCC)

• ATC (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code)

2.Health Information

2.1.HL7 International

• HL7, HL7中文簡介,
• HL7 V2
• HL7 V3
• HL7 CDA R2
• HL7 FHIR

2.2.NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association)

• DICOM

2.3.IHE International

• IHE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise)
• Domain / Profile / Actor / Transaction
• IT Infrastructure / XDS

2.4.IEEE

• IEEE11073 wiki, IEEE11073中文簡介

2.5.Continua Alliance

• Continua Alliance

3.Security & Privacy

3.1.USA > Department of Health & Human Services

• HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)